除了,我们在平时的英语阅读和写作中可能会遇到“e.g.”“i.e.”“etc.”或者“viz.”,它们都是啥意思呢?今天我们就来一起了解一下。
e.g. 例如;比如
"e.g." 是拉丁语 "exempli gratia" 的缩写,意为 "例如"。在英语中,"e.g." 通常用于引出例子或举例来说明前面提到的内容。可以直接按字母读作e.g.,也可读作“for example”。
She enjoys outdoor activities, e.g., hiking, camping, and kayaking.(她喜欢户外活动,例如徒步旅行、露营和划皮划艇。)
Many fruits are rich in vitamin C, e.g., oranges, strawberries, and kiwis.(许多水果富含维生素C,例如橙子、草莓和猕猴桃。)
The company offers various employee benefits, e.g., health insurance, retirement plans, and paid time off.(该公司提供各种员工福利,例如健康保险、退休计划和带薪休假。)
"i.e." 来自拉丁语短语 "id est",意为 "那就是" 或 "换句话说"。在英语中,"i.e." 通常用于解释或澄清前面提到的内容,可以直接读字母或者读“in other words”。
She prefers to eat only organic foods, i.e., foods that are grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers.(她更喜欢只吃有机食品,即种植时没有使用合成杀虫剂或化肥的食品。)
The meeting is scheduled for Monday, i.e., the first day of the workweek.(会议安排在周一,即工作周的第一天。)
The company offers a comprehensive benefits package, i.e., health insurance, retirement plans, and paid vacation time.(该公司提供全面的福利计划,即健康保险、退休计划和带薪休假。)
viz. (尤用于书面语)即,就是
"viz." 来自拉丁语 "videlicet",意为 "即,也就是说"。在英语中,"viz." 通常用于引出更详细或更具体的解释,以进一步说明前面提到的内容。它的作用类似于 "namely" 或 "that is to say"。
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The company specializes in providing IT solutions, viz., software development, network security, and cloud services.(该公司专注于提供信息技术解决方案,即软件开发、网络安全和云服务。)
The project requires three key components, viz., funding, manpower, and technology.(该项目需要三个关键组成部分,即资金、人力资源和技术。)
The course covers various topics in biology, viz., genetics, ecology, and evolution.(该课程涵盖生物学的各种主题,即遗传学、生态学和进化论。)
etc. 以及诸如此类;以及其他;等等
"etc." 来自拉丁语 "et cetera",意为 "等等" 或 "及其他"。在英语中,"etc." 通常用于表示列举的事物未尽尽,或者在提到一系列事物时用于表示还有其他类似的事物。表示“and so on”
She enjoys outdoor activities such as hiking, biking, camping, etc.(她喜欢户外活动,比如徒步旅行、骑自行车、露营等等。)
The store sells a variety of products including clothing, accessories, electronics, etc.(这家商店销售各种产品,包括服装、配饰、电子产品等等。)
In the garden, you can find roses, tulips, daisies, etc.(在花园里,你可以找到玫瑰、郁金香、雏菊等等。)
需要注意的是,上面的表达后面都有“.”,这个是不能省略的哦。
除了上面说的“e.g.”,我们常用的举例还有“example”和“instance”等。
for instance = for example 例如
Many fruits are rich in vitamins; for instance, oranges are a good source of vitamin C.(许多水果富含维生素,例如,橙子是维生素C的良好来源。)
Some people enjoy outdoor activities; for instance, hiking, cycling, and camping.(有些人喜欢户外活动,例如徒步旅行、骑自行车和露营。)
Different countries have different customs; for instance, in Japan, it is customary to bow when greeting someone.(不同的国家有不同的习俗,例如,在日本,见面时鞠躬是一种习俗。)
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We need to address the safety concerns in the first instance before proceeding with the project.(在着手项目之前,我们需要首先解决安全问题。)
The company will review the applications and contact suitable candidates in the first instance.(公司将首先审查申请,并联系合适的候选人。)
It is important to seek legal advice in the first instance to understand your rights in this matter.(首先寻求法律建议是重要的,以了解您在这个问题上的权利。)